Early diabetic retinal changes often go unnoticed. Fluid accumulation in the retina (macular edema) leads to distorted vision, and straight lines may appear wavy. If bleeding occurs into the vitreous body, vision suddenly deteriorates and everything appears darker. In the event of retinal detachment, a visual field defect occurs that increases in size and ultimately leads to blindness.

Early stages are often asymptomatic. Warning signs for advanced stages include:

  • Blurred vision or fluctuating visual acuity (often dependent on blood sugar levels).
  • Distorted, wavy vision due to fluid accumulation in the macula.
  • “Floaters” or dark spots (in cases of bleeding into the vitreous body).
  • Distorted vision (straight lines appear wavy).
  • Shadows in the visual field (in cases of impending retinal detachment).